The Nutritional Requirements of a Healthy Diet for Children and Young People Essay Example

The Nutritional Requirements of a Healthy Diet for Children and Young People Paper Food groups| Outline the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet for children and young people. | Describe examples of healthy meals and snacks | | Bread, other cereals and potatoes | Children need carbohydrates to give them energy as they are very active. | One carbohydrate meal could be :Baked potato:Bake a potato in the oven prick the potato a couple of time with a fork before putting I the oven. Leave in the oven for 10 minutes when fully cooked you can put any filling inside i. e. tuna or cheese etc. | | Fruit and vegetables| Children need fruit and veg as they need vitamins . hey need vitamins to keep their skin healthy. | Vegetable soup:With vegetable soup you can add any type of vegetable i. e. tomatoes dice the tomatoes. Put the olive oil or butter into a pan and leave to cook if you would like more flavour add garlic or onion. Once cooked add wine or stock and leave for an hour to cook. | | Milk and diary food| Calcium to make their bones and teeth healthy as they are gr owing. | Pasta and cheese:Fill a pan half way with water and add the pasta leave to boil for 10 minutes. Grate the cheese add to the pasta. | | Meat , fish and alternatives| Children need protein to develop muscles and strength. Fish pie:Choose a type of fish you would like to make the fish pie with cook the fish add water and milk in the baking tray with the copped up fish cook for 5 – 8 minutes. Once the fish has cooked add any vegetables to the fish mix the fish and vegetables into mash and put in the oven for 40 minutes. | | Fatty and sugary foods| Children need small amounts of sugar and fats in their diet. | Ice cream:3 vanilla pods 568ml whole milk 50g skimmed milk powder 4 egg yolks 90g caster sugar misk together and put in the freezer till ready to eat. Add fruit| |

Brazil Sao Paulo essays

Brazil Sao Paulo essays Projections indicate a total population of 169 million in 2000. According to the 1996 count, the most populous region in the country is still the Southeast (63 million inhabitants), followed by the Northeast (45 million), the South (23.1 million), the North (11.1 million), and the Center-West (10.2 million). The most inhabited states are So Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paran. These states all lie along the Atlantic coast.Sao Paulo state (1996 pop. 34,055,715), 95,713 sq mi (247,897 sq km), SE Brazil. It is Brazils most populous and economically important state. The capital is the city of So Paulo, (1996 pop. 9,816,776) So Paulo, which dominates the vast hinterland of one of Brazils wealthiest agricultural states, is Brazils commercial, financial, and industrial center. Through its Atlantic Ocean port of Santos The 1996 count showed that there were ninety-seven men for every 100 women and that the total number of women exceeded the number of men by 5 million. In the 1990-92 period, the economy deteriorated further, with a 1.3 percent annual decline in GDP and 4.1 percent decline in industrial output. Agriculture grew only 1.5 percent, and the services sector, only 0.4 percent annually. The overall unemployment rate increased from 3.4 percent in 1989 to 4.3 percent in 1990, 4.2 percent in 1991, and 5.8 percent in 1992. The labor absorption by the informal sector continued to be large and highly visible. As for the disparity in the wage scale, according to the 1990 household survey, in September of that year 10.8 percent of the employed work force, or 6.5 million persons, earned one-half of a minimum wage, a monthly average of US$299; 49.2 percent of the employed work force, or 29.8 million persons, received two minimum wages or less. At the other extreme, 7.8 percent of the employed work force received more than ten minimum wages, a monthly average of US$1,941; 3...

Group and organizational behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group and organizational behavior - Assignment Example are explicitly indicated as â€Å"simultaneously improving individual internally focused satisfaction and reducing work-unit absenteeism is the most promising approach to reducing individual absenteeism† (Diestel, Wegge, & Schmidt, 2014, p. 353). 5. The implications of these conclusions are: management should design factors in the job setting that would assist in reducing absenteeism; as an integration of both internally focused satisfaction (job conditions) and externally focused satisfaction factors (work unit). Future research could focus on increasing sample sizes or extending applications to other organizations from different cultural settings to validate consistency of the results. 4. The main conclusions of this article are: â€Å"perceived deep-level dissimilarity evokes perceived relationship conflict, which produces lower evaluations of subordinate performance, which, in turn, lead to higher levels of abusive supervision† (Tepper, Moss, & Duffy, 2011, p. 288). 5. The implications of these conclusions are the noted need to conduct further research on the subject in other organizational settings, particularly in health care organizations, to validate consistency of results. In addition, perceived levels of dissimilarity could not be structured as constant due to the personality differences of both, supervisors and subordinates, in different work settings. As such, future studies should rule out limitations, noted therein. Diestel, S., Wegge, J., & Schmidt, K. (2014). The Impact of Social Context on the Relationship Between Individual Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism: The Roles of Different Foci of Job Satisfaction and Work-Unit Absenteeism. Academy of Management Journal, 353-382. Tepper, B., Moss, S., & Duffy, M. (2011). Predictors of abusive supervision: Supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict, and subordinate performance. Academy of Management Journal,

Events Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Events Project management - Essay Example Leisure events are sports and recreational in nature; personal events cover birthdays, weddings and anniversaries; cultural events are heritage, art and culture and folklore whereas commercial, political, charitable and sales events come under organizational events (Shone and Parry 4). Following discusses the nature of each of these events in detail. Cultural Events Cultural events are usually organized to celebrate the history and heritage of a place. Although cultural events are mostly commercial, they may also have religious aspects. Cultural events have great economic benefits; however the main aim of cultural events remains the confirmation or celebration of culture. Carnivals, concerts and parades are some forms of cultural events. Cultural events create economic opportunities and recognition for a town or a city. They attract tourists and thus boost tourism in a place. Leisure Events Sports events and recreational events come under the category of leisure events. ... ational events can be anything from corporate events, the anniversary celebrations of organizations, fundraisers, award functions, ground breaking ceremonies, business and commercial events to large government and political events. These events can be product launch ceremonies, conferences, exhibitions, award or other staff motivation ceremonies. In political and government events media plays a major role. These events are costly and are handled by professional event management teams. Personal and Private Events The personal and private events are special occasions one likes to celebrate with his/her families and friends. People like to celebrate their achievements and age related events such as birthdays, graduation, homecomings, anniversaries etc. with their close friends and family members. Among the personal events, weddings are hugely popular. In fact with the introduction of professional event management, wedding planning has turned into a multibillion dollar industry (Allen xv ). As weddings are supposed to be the biggest day in a person’s life, wedding planning is done meticulously so that everything goes perfect on the big day. Some couples may have a theme in mind and some may not have a clear vision and require assistance from event managers. This paper presents the event project management plan for a wedding ceremony. It starts with the introduction of the event describing its aims and objectives and stakeholder analysis. Then the paper discusses the skills required to plan and organize an event and role of project management in event planning in the light of literature. Then a complete event management plan for a wedding will be presented. Wedding Planning - Aims and Objectives and Stakeholder Analysis Events vary a great deal depending upon the number of

Athletes versus Non-Athletes on Academic Performance Research Paper

Athletes versus Non-Athletes on Academic Performance - Research Paper Example The reason behind selecting the topic of the research includes the popular misconception that sports and games cause the wastage of student’s time by diverting their focus from studies. The critics are of the view that the students, interested and involved in athletics and other games, consume large part of their time and energies in the playgrounds, and consequently become too tired and exhausted to pay any heed to their academic obligations. As a result, they lag far behind than their classmates in educational activities, and thus are unable to complete their studies in order to become the proficient and successful professionals for the future years to come. One school of thought observes that sport activities deflect time away from the classroom, and children always keep sports and play in mind, and neglect their classroom responsibilities and assignments. Somehow, the other school of thought disregards the very idea that athletics keep children away from their studies. The y are of the opinion that schools are not established to mere bestow certificates and degrees upon the students; on the contrary, people send their children to various educational institutions in order to make them capable of comprehending with the challenges life offers to man on the one hand, and for the growth and development of all aspects of their personality on the other. The researcher have selected small north Georgia schools as the population for the present study, where he aim to select one hundred and sixty respondents for the research process; one hundred and twenty of which would be students, while twenty each would consist of teachers and parents of the students. Interview schedule will be the tool for data collection in the present study. After the collection of data, the findings will be analyzed and results will be interpreted subsequently. Hence, the study will present a balanced report on the influence of athletics and games on the overall academic performance of the students. In addition, the data relevant to the North Georgia schools available at various websites will also be consulted for the study. Identification of the Problem: It has aptly been observed that sports and games maintain significant place in social life of the individuals. Sports not only perk up the physical strength of the people, but also pave the way towards the enhancement of intelligence level and sharpness in them. Thus, participation in sports improves mental and physical health and raises IQ level of humans. â€Å"Some of the factors to consider in assessing the significance of mental health relative to other influences are evident in reflecting on a familiar scenario: the long haul flight† (Lynch et al. 2000). Since all parents are determined to see their children healthy and intelligent, they make adequate arrangements for the studies and recreational activities of the children, where participation in sports is given particular attention. In addition, political authorities and social establishment also promote and project the opportunities of physical games of various kinds for adolescents and adults in order to make society healthy, strong and vigorous. Researches reveal the very fact that healthy people can work harder than

Pizza Hut and Dominos in India

Pizza Hut and Dominos in India In case study the topic is pizza wars which happen in India in 1996 when Pizza Hut Dominos come in India. Until that there is no M.N.C. company in Pizza industry in India. So each company wants to make more profit and its right in India. For this each company launch new product and new skims for took over the second company. So pizza hut relied on its USP of dining experience , and Dominos USP was 30 minute delivery frame. For customer satisfaction both company change their recipes according to Indian culture. And Dominos also made a toll free telephone service. Both the company started in India with only one outlet but Dominos had 101 outlets in April 2001. And Pizza hut also start with only one outlet but it had 19 outlets in 2001. Dominos entered in India with an franchise agreement with Vam Bhatia and open its first outlet in Delhi. Pizza Hut also opens its first outlet in Delhi. At that time Indian wants very low price products but both of these company make costly products but very soon they relished it and make according to customers choice. By competition they gave many discounts and customers enjoy it. Then Dominos become more popular than Pizza Hut so Pizza Hut start following Dominos and make Spicy Paneer and Chicken Tikka. It opens a pure vegetarian restaurant at Ahmadabad. For attract people it make a 12 Pizza Rs 265 and Dominos decrease price and offered a large Pizza of Rs 129/-. After this sales of Dominos pizza was increase. HISTORY OF DOMINOS:- Dominos Pizza, Inc. (NYSE: DPZ) is an international pizza delivery corporation headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. estlistid in 1960, Dominos is the second-largest pizza chain in the United States. Now it has nearly 8500 corporate and franchised stores in 70 international markets and all 45 U.S. states. Dominos Pizza was sold to Bain Capital in 1998. Dominos menu features pizza, pasta, oven-baked sandwiches, wings, boneless chicken, salads, breadsticks, cheese sticks, and a variety of dessert items. In 1960, Tom and his brother, James, purchased a small pizza store in, Michigan. The deal was secured by a US$75 down payment. In 1965, the first Dominos Pizza franchise store opened in Ypsilanti. The company logo was originally planned to add a new dot with the addition of every new store. By 1978, the franchise opened its 200th store. In 1975, Dominos faced a lawsuit by Amstar Corporation, maker of Domino Sugar, alleging trademark infringement and unfair competition. On May 2, 1980, a federal appeals court found in favor of Dominos Pizza. In a 2009 survey of consumer taste preferences among national chains, Dominos was last tied with Chuck E. Cheeses. In December that year, Dominos announced plans to entirely reinvent its pizza. It began a self-flogging ad campaign in which consumers were filmed criticizing the pizzas quality and chefs were shown developing the new product. The new pizza was introduced that same month, and the following year, Dominos 50th anniversary, the company acquired J. Patrick Doyle as its new CEO experienced a historic 14.3% quarterly gain. The success was described by Doyle as one of the largest quarterly same-store sales jumps ever recorded by a major fast-food chain. PRODUCTS:- Dominos tapped into a market trend toward bite-size foods with spicy Buffalo Chicken Kickers, as an alternative to Buffalo wings. The breaded, baked, white-meat fillets, similar to chicken tenders, are packaged in a custom-designed box with two types of sauce to heat up and cool down the chicken. In August 2003, Dominos announced its first new pizza since January 2004, the Philly Cheese Steak Pizza. The product launch also marked the beginning of a partnership with the National Cattlemens Beef Association. Dominos continued its move toward specialty pizzas in 2006, with the introduction of its Brooklyn Style Pizza, featuring a thinner crust, cornmeal baked in to add crispness, and larger slices that could be folded in the style of traditional New York-style pizza. In 2008, Dominos once again branched out into non-pizza fare, offering oven-baked sandwiches in four styles. Early marketing for the sandwiches made varied references to its competition, such as offering free sandwiches to customers named Jared, a reference to Subways spokesman of the same name. The company introduced its American Legends line of specialty pizzas in 2009, featuring 40% more cheese than the companys regular pizzas, along with a greater variety of toppings. That same year, Dominos began selling its Bread Bowl Pasta entree, a lightly seasoned bread bowl baked with pasta inside, and Lava Crunch Cake dessert. Dominos promoted the item by flying in 1,000 cakes to deliver at Hofstadter Bluffs Visitor Center. HISTORY OF PIZZA HUT:- Pizza Hut entered India in 1996, and opened its first restaurant in Delhi. It has maintained an impressive growth rate of over40 per cent per annum. Pizza Hut now has about 100 restaurants; and employed nearly 4,000 people by end of 2004. It has invested about US$ 25 million in India; this is over and above investments made by franchisees. Its Brands Inc is the owner of the Pizza Hut chain worldwide. A Fortune 300 company, Yum! Brands own Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silvers restaurants worldwide. Yum! Generated more than US$ 25.9 billion in worldwide sales in the year 2003-04, and has more than35,000 restaurants in over 100 countries. Market share in INDIA: Pizza Hut is believed to have close to 50 per cent market share of the organized pizza-retailing segment market share in India. Financial performance According to an survey of Financial Express, the market size of the pizza segment is around US$ 87 million and currently growing at the rate of 15 per cent to17 per cent per annum. According to Pizza Hut sources, most of their outlets are financially successful encouraging further expansion. In India, the average investment for each outlet is US$ 275,000-335,000 and is borne by the franchisee. Factors for Success Offering value food, Employing economies of scale, Pizza Hut has made its offerings more affordable. Its delivery offer of US$ 4.4 for four personal pan pizzas has been very successful. They have recently introduced a range of vegetarian personal pan pizzas for US$ 1.1. Most Pizza Hut restaurants are located in the metros and smaller metros. Pizza Hut is consolidating its position by opening more restaurants in the metros where it already has a presence as well as opening outlets in new markets. Moving beyond metros According to company sources, Pizza Hut is moving beyond the metros and foraying into 12 to 13 new markets including Trichy, Nagpur, Bhubaneswar, Thiruvananthapuram and Pondicherry to increase penetration. Aggressive marketing and tie-ups with local and popular brands. Pizza Hut has increased its visibility by launching a well-received TV campaign aimed at the young crowd. It has formed partnerships with recognized brands such as Nestle and Pepsi. Developing the local supply chain. The local supply chain for Pizza Hut was developed by Yum! And currently 95 per cent of the ingredients they use are locally produced. They now import very few specialty items like pepperoni. Leveraging the India Advantage International brand with an Indian heart Pizza Hut is one of the first international pizza chains with purely vegetarian dine-ins at Chow patty (Mumbai), Ahmadabad and Surat, which also serve Jain menus. Pizza Hut has even opened two all-vegetarian restaurants in the western state of Gujarat to cater to the Jain religious community. Because their members prefer not to eat at places where meat is served. Offering more than the international menu International food chains typically offer only a few localized products in other parts of the world. However, Pizza Huts local menu is as large as the international one. According to Pizza Hut, the Indian food heritage is very rich, and hence Indians like local flavors. The Tandoori range of pizzas. Indigenous sourcing of raw materials Pizza Hut has reduced costs through indigenous sourcing of raw material. It has tied up with a local company Dynamics Dairy Industries Ltd (DDIL) for sourcing mozzarella cheese. CASE ANALYSIS What Management Concept(s) or Issues are highlighted in this case? Ans. In this case Why did the company face these issues? Could the resolution of these issues be done in a different manner? What do you learn from this case? 4. Are you aware of any other company that may have faced similar issues? How did that company resolve those issues?

Human Desire to Fit In :: essays papers

Human Desire to "fit in" Two common ways of handling a situation are either to do so according to one ¹s own personal needs and desires with no specific regard to other people, or one can base a decision on how it will be viewed by others. The vast majority of people fall on the side of being worried about what others are saying and thinking. Both good and bad can come from living this way, but it has seemed to remain constant throughout history. People have a natural desire to belong, and to fit in with a certain group. No matter what group an individual chooses, that individual almost always is forced sacrifice a part of them self in order to seem more a part of things. People in this world seem to need companionship and are often too weak to stand alone. As a result, they stand together in what ever group they are best suited to. It is a point of interest to many of the people who have stopped to think about this fact. The idea that people live according to how others will perceive then has been established as the rule, not the exception. The real question now lies in the reasons for this way of life. It was hypothesized by C.S. Lewis that this desire to belong and to fit in is a natural human characteristic. He believed that people have an instinctive drive to belong, in the same sort of way species reproduce. It is possible that his theory of instinctive necessity is accurate, and humans are as a whole are week and scared when they are faced with solitude. The old adage  ³there is safety in numbers ² is appropriate in this topic. Often in this world terrible things happen because people group up and commit unspeakable acts, then take shelter in the numbers of those involved. The Annual Freaknik  ³celebration ² is the perfect example. Thousands of individuals crowd the streets of Atlanta and pillage the city for a weekend, all the while they show no respect for the laws or the residents of the city. This can be directly related to the issue of people doing things to be a part of the group. If these people were asked individually why they did these terrible things, for the most part they would respond by saying  ³everyone else

Motivation Concepts Analysis Essay

Individuals are motivated by many factors that drive them to the need to fulfill their goals, expectations and desires. In the workplace, I have witnessed, including evaluating my own driven behaviors that acquire a driven mental philosophy, we strive to meet not only our own expectations, but also the expectation of our peers or the outside world. This way of  thinking can lead to a very competitive working environment either to an agreeable or disagreeable environment. Emelander (2009) states that motivation within the workplace will rely on four distinctive motives, such as the drive to acquire and achieve expectations, drive to bond and be involved in like minded and/or desirable social groups, drive to learn and comprehend opportunities and challenges and the drive to defend yourself and that these â€Å"four drive theory is balance between and among drives so they can compliment and regulate each other†. For this reason, I chose Sigmund Freud’s theory of Drive. I chose the theory as I have seen many depictions of driven behaviors. As we have the need to eat, breath, sleep and etc.†¦ we live throughout life needing to progress, succeed, to rise above our expectations and desires. According to Sigmund Freud’s drive theory, the theory describes the motivation elements of driven behavior as â€Å"that all behavior was motivated and that the purpose of behavior was to serve the satisfaction of need,† along with drive mounting â€Å"as a sort of emergency warning system that action needed to be taken† (Reeve, 2009,). In this paper I will discuss how Sigmund Freud’s theory of drive would be applicable or not applicable applied in different working environments on the basis of experience. Applicable I provide consultation with a healthcare organization in the Northwest and there are circumstances that lead to stressful and not so successful moments due to individual’s motives, intent and reasons of which drives them to either comply or not comply for the needs of the business. There is much hype within the organization to bond to specific social groups reflecting your importance inside the company, yet, I have witnessed that their peers drive individuals as they share similar interest, behaviors, principles and other aspects of life. Our surroundings in the work place drive the need to feel a part of something, the feeling that your attributes are important and dependent on for success. Emelander (2009) says that the â€Å"drive to bond leads to interactions of healthy support among work teams, if supported with team-based rewards and professional goals† and â€Å"while the drive to bond is directed towards persons, the drive to learn relates mostly to work activi ties.† The bonding effect is not so promising within the workplace;  therefore, there is unbalance and hostility. The need to acquire status, acknowledgment, power and status is very high in this workplace. Individuals spend an extensive time competition with one another and by creating and relinquishing this disturbing behavior in the workplace, there are numerous occasions where business decisions are not allocated, there is a break in communication and the effectiveness of completion of projects are undesirable. Status is displayed as an importance by the car you drive, the home you live in, the bigger the office and freedom that comes from working hard specifically to weep the benefits by gaining a bigger check. Therefore, this leaves other being drawn to desire that lifestyle an image and work harder and adapting to motives to climb the ladder no matter the backs you step on. Hence, to receive that drive which also includes â€Å"physical objects and wealth, relating to gathering the necessities for survival and social relationships, concerning the acquisitions of status, accomplishments a nd power† (Emelander, 2009). While, they struggle with the wrong side of drive in some cases, they do implement opportunities to learn and create some type of bonding relationships. The organizations is rapidly growing and their perspective is: to utilize the staff they have, provide them training, education opportunities and promotion opportunities based on their knowledge or aggressive to learn, comprehend what you’ve learned and apply. While this opportunity exist, I have overheard and seen the reluctantly to grasp opportunities to avoid riding the wagon of destruction due to destructive competition in the workplace. Drive can be a good attribute or element within ourselves and can be very powerful, yet, if it’s not appropriately balanced with other components to offset destructive behaviors, we can only continue to see companies discusses for this example to rise and have major behavioral and moral conflict. It can be damaging â€Å"when one drive dominates, leading to unbalanced personal and organization outcomes† and can â€Å"lead to destructive competition, and over-stimulate of the drive to defend to paranoia† (Emelander, 2009). Nonetheless, I have worked with organizations, where the drive motives were  balanced and individuals held healthier relationships. There was a high drive to obtain higher paid positions so that you can obtain more money to spend on items to reflect your status, yet it was displayed as the main factor of shoving a foot in the door. The competition was moderate and due to the working environment, only a few individuals wanted to enter into new realms of status, as other employees worked hard as they enjoyed the bonuses due to their performance. I’ve noticed, some people have the driven within themselves to do just exemplary work because it is a part of them; it is who they are. They enjoy working in teams, can fit in any social class simply due to what they show and mirror. Not Applicable I work part-time at my mother’s cafà © on the weekends and the making and living my mother’s dream is not written by drive per se. Though, I believe that drive is an element in every theory in one fashion or another. There is no need to desire certain status groups, as we cater to all status groups, all demographical areas as we want to share an experience, but one that provides a relaxing, warming and spiritual atmosphere. In this place, it does not matter what car you or I drive, what social group you and I belong to or reasons to defend. I believe that the cafà © functions are more towards the achievement theory, which in some cases can be assumed to be a driven theory. Our pleasure is the heart of our brain. We want to provide an atmosphere where people can be a part of a family of spiritual values and though our beliefs may be different from many others, this is still the place to come and express you freely. The fear to fail is what we cause us to thrive or increase our anxiety to regroup and execute to be better. So in terms, drive is not the only factor. Conclusion Drive is a contributor trigger motivation. Drive can be either healthy or unhealthy. In my three experience and many others, I’ve witness how drive can be either destructive or successful. I learned as well that drive rest alive in many theories available. We are driven to act according to fulfilling our needs and wants. However, it is based on how you motivate yourself because if you cannot motivate yourself how else are you going to  succeed or even motivate others around. References Emelander, S. (2009) The Four Drive Theory in the Workplace. Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/the-four-drive-theory-in-the-workplace-1650121.html Reeve, J. (2009) Understanding motivation and emotions. Week One supplements. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY320-Human Motivation.

The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History

The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History Differences between the Northern and Southern states of America triggered one of the most disastrous civil conflicts in American history. The height of the conflict was characterized by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (Draper 2). The Northern faction was majorly constituted of Union states while the Southern faction was comprised of the federation states. This four year conflict happened from 1861 – 1865 (Draper 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since Abraham Lincoln’s election, the Southerners noted that he was focused on ending slavery and keeping the Northern union together but this ideology did not represent the Southerner’s way of life. In fact, the conflict was primarily brought about by the different ways of living both regions had. The Northern union was of the opinion that the Southerners sh ould give up slave trade, build factories and give up their farms as well. However, the Southerners could hear nothing of it. The federal government therefore treated slave ownership as a right to property and they never gave up this right even in light of pressures from the Northern states. This conflict cost America more than 620,000 lives with an unconfirmed number of civilian casualties (Radford 1). Most of the war was fought in the South but it took a lot of time for both states to recover from the effects of the war. Collectively, the difference between the two national blocks assumed an economic, cultural and constitutional nature. In terms of economic differences, the Northern states wanted the federal government to protect local industries from foreign competition through the adjustment of tax policies (Radford 1). The Southern states on the other hand preferred the status quo because they assumed that a change in the tax system would affect its sale of large-scale agricult ural produce to Europe (Radford 1). This assumption was majorly founded on the principle that taxation would ultimately change the prices of agricultural goods. This kind of stalemate characterized the conflict for a long time and it created a big economic gap between the two state factions. The Northern states generally had few capital reserves but they had a considerably good track record of investments. On the other hand, the southerners were better economically empowered because they received a lot of revenues from the sale of cotton, and tobacco (Radford 1). Culturally, the two regions supported different ideologies with regards to slave trade and traditional types of Jobs. In detail, the Northern union supported the end of slave trade but the Southerners preferred the continuity of the slave trade. The Northerners also supported urban white-collar jobs but the Southerners supported small village-like agricultural jobs because its economy was largely supported by agriculture.Ad vertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two regions also supported different kinds of governmental set ups because the Northerners were of the opinion that there should be a centralized federal government which had power over all the states but the Southerners preferred that states should have a firmer grip on the running of state affairs. This was to be a secession kind of strategy for the Southerners. These kinds of differences openly played out even before the civil war when eleven Southern states declared secession from the American union and in turn formed the Confederate State of America which tirelessly opposed the Northern union’s government philosophy. Also, before the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, he strongly campaigned against the extinction of slave trade beyond states which were already practicing it (Radford 1). In a responsive manner, four other states also declared their secession from the American union (Radford 1). The American government thereafter started opposing calls for secession; terming it as an act of rebellion (Radford 1). This conflict later developed into a state of hostility between the two sides and the attack of the Southerners on a US military installation marked the beginning of the American civil war. Preferred Philosophy of Government The Northerners philosophy of government seems to be the most preferred form of government and indeed, the prevailing ideology after the civil war. This is true because the federal system of government advanced by the Northerners considers the political, economic and social problems plaguing a particular state (Dautrich 79). Local needs are best represented by state senators who live in the state itself and who are in a position to best understand the unique problems of the state and guarantee a unique solution to the same (Dautrich 79). For instance, when examining the poor sta te of traffic in Oahu, Hawaii, a long-term solution to the problem can be best formulated by representatives from within the community and not outside. The federal system of government advanced by the Northerners acknowledges these unique needs and provides a given level of autonomy to states to tackle their own local problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The federal system of government also represents all manner of people in the population and it offers a blanket representation of people within various states who may have a different way of life, ethnicity or even cultures (Dautrich 80). A federal system of government is in a position to overlook these differences and offer a common solution that suits everyone. Needless to say, this is done in consideration to local needs and tastes. This system perfectly works for the ben efit of everyone. For example, in the state of Arizona, there is a predominant majority population of Hispanic speaking population and therefore the provision of bilingual education is a unique way that has been established to cater for the unique needs of the local population (Dautrich 80). In this manner, state governments are able to adopt policies and systems that are only unique to the state and which don’t need to be adopted by other states. For instance, the federal system of government does not offer legal recognition of same sex marriages but certain states within America have legalized such unions out of the independence state governments are given by the federal government. The divisive way in assigning duties between state and federal governments is also bound to increase efficiency because the federal government is in a position to tackle issues at a national level while the state government can easily tackle issues at a local level. In addition, the federal syst em of government provides an opportunity for innovation because the freedom it gives state governments to formulate their own policies provides enough ground for comparison of which state formulates the best policies (say, in taxation), so that examples can be borrowed for practicability at a national level. These advantages could be easily derived from the Policies advanced by the Northerners in the American civil war. With regards to the slave trade stand taken by the Northerners, the ideology of banning slave trade was a good position to protect human rights because the ongoing slave trade in the South greatly violated human rights. For starters, slaves were confined in deplorable conditions, chained and forced to work long hours without remuneration. In addition, the slaves were branded by hot iron, beaten and given little food to eat. They were also treated as commodities and not necessarily regarded as fellow human beings. Comprehensively, the slave trade was morally repugnant and the Southerner’s support of it to improve their capital base was unjustifiable.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the Northerners were more industrialized than the Southerners, they received great opposition from Southerners because the economic composition of the Southerners was greatly characterized by agriculture. The Northerners were therefore advancing for an industrial type of economy which has many advantages over the agrarian form of economy advanced by the Southerners. An industrial type of economy is characterized by mass production which could be potentially beneficial to the entire country in terms of exports and even in producing enough food to feed the entire country. The level of efficiency in an industrialized economy is also much higher as compared to an agrarian type of economy. In addition, an agrarian type of economy is also more prone to environmental conditions which increases the risks associated with such type of economies. For instance, if droughts or floods are experienced, there is little chance that production will be sustained in an agrarian type of economy. O n the other hand, an industrial economy is all-weather and production can be sustained all year round. These factors withstanding, the Northern ideology was better than the Southern ideology. Conclusion The ideology advanced by the Northerners prevailed in the American civil war and it characterizes the world economy today. The Southern ideology which prompted the American civil war was more a selfish move by Southern states and it posed a resistance to change because the agrarian type of economy represented an older type of economy when compared to an industrial economy. The Northern union also campaigned for an end to the slave trade and an upheaval of the federal system of government which was bound to uphold human rights and increase the level of nationalism in America. These factors stand out as some of the Northerner’s strong points which led them to win the war and determine the future we live in today. Dautrich, Kenneth. American Government: Historical, Popular, and Global Perspectives Texas Edition. New York: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Draper, John. History of the American Civil War, Volume 3. New York: BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009. Print. Radford, Grant. The Civil War for Fifth Graders. 3. 2004. Web. https://www.radford.edu/content/radfordcore/home.html

Global Expansion Challenges Wal

Global Expansion Challenges Wal Introduction Wal-Mart is undoubtedly the largest retain store in the world. This American firm has been keen on increasing its market share as a way of expanding its financial strength. Originally operating exclusively in the United States, this firm has grown to cover various other markets in Europe, Asia, South American states among other regions. The firm is still planning further expansion to other world regions.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Global Expansion Challenges: Wal-Mart specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Jie (2013), Wal-Mart has massively benefited from the increasing globalization that is taking place in the world. This scholar says that one of the sure ways through which a firm can manage the competitive market is to expand to various world markets. As other retail firms penetrate the American market, Wal-Mart has developed an ambitious program that would ensure that it has global ma rket coverage. Although this comes with numerous benefits to this firm, there are some challenges that this firm has to deal with. The management must respond to these challenges in an appropriate manner to ensure that they do not have negative impact on this firm in its expansion program. This study will review literatures about this topic in order to determine some of the global expansion challenges that Wal-Mart should be ready to manage. Cultures According to Paula (2013), culture is one of the most challenging environmental factors to deal with in an organization. This scholar says that culture can be looked at in two fronts. The first front when analyzing culture is the organizational culture. Every organization has its own unique culture that it uses to operate in the market. Wal-Mart is one of the firms that have developed strong organizational culture within the markets it operates. Gabriel (2011) says that it is very important that a firm develop a specific organizational culture that would guide the behavior of its employees when working on behalf of the firm. This scholar says that every individual has some unique characteristics that make him or her different from other members. This means that a large firm like Wal-Mart with thousands of employees would need to find a way of making these employees have similar approach that is desired within the firm. There must be a conventional way of behavior that should be common among all the employees as a strategy to win customers. With the current competitive market, it is important that this firm develop an organizational culture that will help guide its employees in the new regions it is entering. The problem with the organizational culture comes in when the firm tries to use the normal organizational culture it has been used to in other regions, especially in the United States (Koen, Erguncu Gokhan, 2013). One fact that this management must realize is that the workforce at its parent country in the Un ited States is very different from that in other countries that it is expanding to, especially in the developing countries.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the organizational culture common in Wal-Mart’s American stores where men and women are treated as equals may not work well in Saudi Arabia. This is because in Saudi Arabia, men are still considered as being superior to women. Trying to inculcate an organizational culture that challenges this notion may be challenging because individuals in this country have internalized this kind of reasoning. Given that Wal-Mart plans to expand its market coverage globally, it would be very challenging to learn how to develop new organizational culture in every country it enters. It may even force this firm to sacrifice some of the values it has been holding so dear for years in other regions of the w orld. The second front of looking at culture is at the regional level. Wal-Mart is planning to make major entry into various regions around the world. According to Mun and Yazdanifard (2012), media has been very instrumental in influencing the world culture in a convergent manner. This scholar says that media has been the main instrument of enhancing globalization. However, one fact is that this globalization has not managed to create a universal culture in the world. Although some of the cultural practices that were considered extreme such as human sacrifice have been eliminated, the management of Wal-Mart must realize that there is some uniqueness of culture in different regions. A good example of culture clash that this firm should be able to deal with is on the use of color. In its brand image, one color that comes out strongly is the yellow color. This brand- with the yellow color- is the identity of this firm in the market. However, this may pose some problems in its expansion efforts. The firm is eying the South African market (Wagner, Mazzon, 2013). However, it will find it difficult promoting its brand using the yellow color because the Zulu people- who make the highest percentage of the black South Africans in this country- associate the color with evil spirit. They consider yellow as a color that carries with it bad omen. This superstitious belief has forced many firms in this country to handle this color with a lot of care. This cultural practice will be standing on the path of development of the Wal-Mart brand in this country. Similar other cases can be identified in various countries this firm is planning to enter. This demonstrates the extent to which this firm may be forced to compromise some of its cherished values in order to achieve success in these new regions.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Global Expansion Challenges: Wal-Mart specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intel lectual property According to Mühlbacher (2009), issues with intellectual property have affected various business organizations around the world. In the developed countries such as the United States and United Kingdom, the law is very clear on the protection of intellectual right. In these markets, Wal-Mart can be assured that its intellectual rights cannot be infringed upon because the law is very clear on the penalties that this would carry. However, this is not the case in other markets around the world. Gregory (2010) says that some countries lack clear policies guarding the intellectual property. This makes it easy for on party to steal intellectual rights of another firm and get away with it. Other countries have laws meant to protect intellectual right, but the law enforcement officers are not doing their work to enforce the law. Some are easily compromised, especially when they feel that they can be given some form of benefits. This unfortunate situation has seen many fi rms suffer because they do not stand to enjoy the benefits of their creativity. Once they come up with a creative idea that should be of benefit to them, competing firms would steal the idea soon after its introduction to the market. Wal-Mart must find as a way of dealing with this in its global expansion program. Some markets will pose this challenge, and unless the management comes with measures to curb this vice, it may suffer a lot instead of benefiting in this new market. Human resource issues According to Roberts (2012), issues with human resource may not affect Wal-Mart when it makes the decision to go global, especially when targeting the developing economies. This firm is currently operating in developed economies where human resource is very expensive. This is not the case in the developing economies. However, this firm would be forced to find a way of boosting the skills of the people it shall employ to work in its outlets. Another issue about human resource that this fir m will have to deal with is attitude. According to Turner and Hodges (2010), most of the foreign retail stores operating in Afghanistan have complained of high levels of pilferage of stock. This scholar says that most of the citizens of this country have negative perception about the west. When employed in firms that are associated with the west, they would easily steal items either before they reach the shelves or at the shelves. This attitude has persisted despite the improving relations between this government and the United States government. This means that if Wal-Mart is planning to expand to this or other countries with similar attitude, it must find a way of dealing with negative attitude of the employees.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other relevant issues One of the most attractive markets that Wal-Mart has shown interest in is the African and Asian markets. According to Fox (2011), Africa has been considered as an untapped market with huge potential. For this reason, Wal-Mart has been trying to find its way into this market. One challenge that this firm should be ready to deal with in this market is insecurity and political instability. Most of the African major cities have been considered as generally insecure because of inadequate policing. It is common for an armed robber to terrorize a supermarket, especially if it is located in the suburbs of the city. Such incidents would always bring massive losses to the firm. A number of these countries are also undergoing some form of revolution in their leadership. Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt ousted their military leaders, and the countries are yet to achieve political stability. This means that operating in such markets will put the firm in a delicate situation. The r ioters can easily break into the supermarket and steal every single item on stock (Experian Marketing Services, 2012). During such times, most of the people employed in various institutions are also forced to remain at home because of the insecurity. This means that the purchasing power will be reduced considerably. With such stagnating economies, it becomes very difficult to move ahead because the rate of sales will be very low. According to Ernst Young (2012), in its global expansion program, Wal-Mart must realize that the infrastructural development that is experienced in the United States and other developed countries are common in every part of the world. Klohs (2012) says that Wal-Mart’s expansion plan has been targeting developed economies around the world. However, the new global expansion program would mean that this firm would be forced to go beyond the developed countries that it has been patronizing. Some of the emerging economies in Africa and the rest of the wo rld do not have developed infrastructure. Most of their roads are dilapidated, and some rail systems are completely collapsed. This is the kind of situation in east African countries. The management must have a way of operating successfully in the market despite these poor means of transport. Finally, the management of Wal-Mart will be forced to develop a system that would be able overcome the bureaucracy and corruption that is rife in some of the new markets it plan to enter. Transparency International has indicated that some of the most corrupt governments are found in the developing economies, which is the primary focus of Wal-Mart in its current expansion program. For instance, Nigeria has attracted many investors due to its high population and its rich oil reserves. Another country that Wal-Mart would be interested in is Venezuela. These countries do not have well-established retail outlets and the presence of Wal-Mart in them would be a benefit to this firm (Dewhurst, Harris, Heywood Aquila, 2012). However, these governments have a lot of bureaucracy, especially when dealing with foreign investors. Wal-Mart would have to visit numerous offices in order to get permit allowing it to operate in Nigeria. The officers in charge are always none committed to their work. An application sent to their offices would take weeks or even months to be processed while the processing can be done in hours. In some extreme cases, one would be informed that the application file has gone missing and the process must begin anew. This is always done on purpose. What these officers always want is to be bribed in order to do their work. Those who are not ready to offer the bribe get to suffer. These countries also have numerous regulatory agencies that would come to inspect the normal operations of the firm. According to Accenture (2009), the inspection they make is not always meant to bring sanity into business fraternity. The inspections are meant to increase corruption avenu es. During their inspection, the lawbreakers and law-abiding firms are equal before them. The only difference to them is the ability to pay the bribe. In such countries, it is not rare to find a law-abiding businessperson sent to jail for false crimes, while the criminals are making huge profits irregularly. These are some of the challenges that this firm will be forced to face with diligence in order to achieve the desired results. Conclusion It is a fact that Wal-Mart’s global expansion program is very ambitious and can help it increase its market share. However, the management of this firm must appreciate the fact that this comes at a cost. A number of challenges would come along the way, and the ability of this firm to manage them diligently would always dictate its success or failure in that particular market. Each region around the world has some unique characteristics that would bring unique challenges to this firm during its operations. The management of Wal-Mart shou ld identify these challenges before making an entry and determine if they are manageable. It is upon the analysis that it can make the decision to enter these markets. References Accenture, M. (2009). Expansion into Africa: Challenges and success factors revealed. Retrieved from accenture.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/PDF/Accenture_Strategy_Expansion_into_Africa_POV.pdf Dewhurst, M., Harris, J., Heywood, S., Aquila, K. (2012). The global company’s challenge. McKinsey Quarterly, 3(1), 76-80. Ernst Young. (2012). Growing pains: Companies in rapid-growth markets face talent challenges as they expand. Retrieved from ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Growing_pains:_Companies_in_rapid-growth_markets_face_talent_challenges_as_they_expand/$FILE/MiniTalent_v9_hiqual.pdf Experian Marketing Services. (2012). Going global? The benefits and challenges of international location planning. Retrieved from experian.co.uk/assets/business-strategies/white-papers/wp-going-global-international-locatio n-planning.pdf Fox, K.A. (2011). Learn to expect the unexpected in global retail expansion. Graziodio Business Review, 14(4), 1-7. Gabriel, S.J. (2011). Challenges of international business before SAARC nations: Some reflections. International Journal of Global Business, 4(2), 41-59. Gregory, J. (2010). Counterparty credit risk: The new challenge for global financial markets. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Jie, W. (2013). Marketing capabilities, institutional development, and the performance of emerging market firms: A multinational study. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(1), 36-45. Klohs, B.M. (2012). Going global. Economic Development Journal, 11(3), 27-34. Koen, P., Erguncu, S., Gokhan, Y (2013). Winning hearts, minds and sales: How marketing communication enters the purchase process in emerging and mature markets. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(1), 57-68 Mühlbacher, H. (2009). International marketing: A global perspective. London: Thom son Learning. Mun, L.Y., Yazdanifard, R. (2012).Wal-Mart success in Mexico, Canada and China: Global expansion, strategy, entry modes, threats and opportunities. Retrieved from researchgate.net/publication/234167019_WALMART_SUCCESS_IN_MEXICO_CANADA_AND_CHINA_GLOBAL_EXPANSION_STRATEGIES_ENTRY_MODES_THREATS_AND_OPPORTUNITIES/file/32bfe50fbfe066efdb.pdf Paula T. (2013). Conducting field research in subsistence markets, with an application to market orientation in the context of Ethiopian pastoralists. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 7(11), 83-97. Roberts, B. (2012). Walmart: Key insights and practical lessons from the worlds largest retailer. London: Kogan Page. Turner, L., Hodges, M. (2010). Global shakeout: World market competition the challenges for business and government. London: Century Business. Wagner, A., Mazzon, J. (2013). Socioeconomic status and consumption in an emerging economy. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(1), 4-18.

Drugs for off-label use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drugs for off-label use - Essay Example The use of off-label drugs is most common among oncology and pediatric patients due to the lack of appropriate medicines and therapies. In certain circumstances, the use of off-label medicines proved beneficial for children, especially when all the approved medicines fail to bring the desired results as in the case of cancer. American Cancer Society reveals that some of the chemotherapy medicines are approved for one type of cancer but it has the potential to cure the other types of tumors. Other example of beneficial use of off-label medicine is Beta-blockers. FDA approved it for the patients of high blood pressure but it proved in curing heart diseases also. But before prescribing the off-label drugs, it is the duty of medical practitioners to inform the parents or guardians of children about this very fact; and reveal the side effects that may occur. They should also inform the alternative remedies available with them. Besides, medical practitioners should inform the company or relevant medical authority about the adverse effects, if they occur. In the case of United States vs. Evers, the court even authorizes a medical practitioner to use off-label drugs if they were not contraindicated (Fauber, 2012). Some off-label drugs require extra care and attention when use in Pediatrics. Example includes diazepam rectal solution in children under 1 year (not licensed for age group), amiloride tablets in any children (formulation), or rectal injection of lorazepam for a child with an acute seizure (route). An example of unlicensed use is the preparation of a suspension from a tablet by the hospital

Budgets Cuts and Nursing Staffing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budgets Cuts and Nursing Staffing - Essay Example It shall discuss the economic crisis and budget cuts in terms of their ability to impact negatively in the general health care delivery of patients and of hospitals. Discussion Due to the protracted and still lingering economic crisis, legislators and other administrators have implemented budget cuts in the health care sector. These budget cuts have affected all aspects of health delivery, from staffing ratios, salaries of staff, to the purchase of equipment and hospital supplies. In terms of nursing staff, budget cuts have translated to fewer nurses being hired and lower pay for nurses hired; it also translates to nurses caring for an overwhelming number of patients – more than they can safely and adequately care for. The application of financial management the resolution of the health care issue in this case has gone through the stages of planning, controlling, organizing, and finally decision-making (Baker and Baker, 2011). It is unfortunate to note how the health financing process has resulted to budget cuts in health care and in this case, in the nursing profession. Inadequate nursing staff caring for an overwhelming number of patients is one of the major contributory factors to nursing burnout, and such burnout often leads to medical errors in the practice. There seems to be an agreed consensus on the relationship between nurse staffing and improved patient outcomes. In other words, with higher patient staffing levels, better patient outcomes seem to be more apparent (Garrett, 2008). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality sets forth that nursing burnout can often compromise health care services. Chronic fatigue, as well as limited sleep and lack of rested sleep are common issues among nurses and other health personnel. In the documented case of Julie Thao, accounts reveal that she worked two 16 hour shifts back to back and at one point fell asleep at a hospital cot. Upon awaking, she administered the wrong medicine to a patient. Unfortunate ly, this led to her patient’s death (Garrett, 2008). She pled no contest to criminal neglect and was sent to jail for such neglect. Human errors impacts significantly on medical care (Kane, et.al., 2007). Not many studies have been carried out on the relationship of fatigue and on the decreased quality of health care. Studies in other fields of practice however exemplify how fatigue can slow down reaction time, how it can cause omissions, reduce problem solving ability, decrease motivation, and reduce a worker’s energy for assigned tasks (Garrett, 2008). Fatigue has been seen as the cause of errors in construction workplaces, oil fields, and even on airplanes (due to sleeping or exhausted traffic controllers). It is not therefore a far-fetched idea for such fatigue to translate to medical errors. Even if studies on this issue are limited, such errors have been accepted as possible eventualities by overworked medical and nursing practitioners themselves. Budget cuts in nursing cause fewer nurses to be hired. This means shortage of staff to fill in patient needs in the hospitals. In order to resolve this problem, hospital administrators are often prompted to impose mandatory overtime among their employees. Such overtime is often required during unplanned and emergency procedures in the clinical setting (Buerhaus, et.al., 2007). Shift changes which do not yield available relief nurses